Scientists at the University of Southern California have found new molecules that could lower the swelling in the brain that comes with Alzheimer’s disease.
The study, published in the journal npj Drug Discovery, looks at an enzyme called calcium‑dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). This enzyme helps cause inflammation inside the brain.
Why cPLA2 Matters
Researchers noticed that people who carry the APOE4 gene—a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s—often have higher cPLA2 activity. Those with the most active cPLA2 were more likely to develop the disease.
Because cPLA2 also helps normal brain function, scientists needed a way to tone down its harmful actions without stopping it completely.
Finding the Right Molecules
The team used powerful computer programs to scan billions of possible chemicals. They kept only the ones that looked able to stick to cPLA2, pass the blood‑brain barrier, and work in real‑life conditions.
After the computer work, a pharmacist prepared the top candidates for testing in mice and human brain cells.
Promising Early Results
One molecule stood out. It lowered the harmful activation of cPLA2 in brain cells that were stressed in ways similar to Alzheimer’s.
In mouse experiments, the molecule crossed the blood‑brain barrier and changed inflammation pathways linked to the disease.
The researchers say the next step is to check if safely targeting this inflammation can really lower Alzheimer’s risk, especially for people with the APOE4 gene.