Keeping a healthy weight is not only about what you eat. When you eat can matter a lot too. Researchers from a Barcelona health institute looked at more than 7,000 people aged 40 to 65. They asked about height, weight, meal times, lifestyle and income.
Five years later, over 3,000 of the same people answered again. The scientists could then see how their weight changed over time.
Early Breakfast and Longer Night Fast Lower BMI
The study found two habits that were linked to a lower body‑mass index. First, people who ate breakfast early in the morning tended to have a lower BMI. Second, those who let the night fast last longer (for example, sleeping through the night without eating) also had lower BMI.
Scientists think this works because our bodies follow a daily clock called the circadian rhythm. Eating earlier may help the body burn calories better and keep hunger in check.
Different Patterns for Men and Women
Women in the study usually had lower BMI, ate more Mediterranean foods, and drank less alcohol. They also reported more mental‑health struggles and often took care of the household.
When the data were grouped, a small group of men stood out. These men ate their first meal after 2 p.m. and fasted for about 17 hours. They smoked more, drank more alcohol, exercised less, ate fewer Mediterranean foods, had less education and were more often unemployed. No similar group appeared among women.
What Is Chrononutrition?
Chrononutrition studies not just what we eat, but also when we eat and how often. Eating at odd times can clash with the body’s internal clocks, which control many daily processes.
Benefits Beyond Weight
Earlier meals have been linked to lower chances of heart disease and type‑2 diabetes in earlier research from the same institute. This adds more evidence that meal timing matters for long‑term health.
While the results are promising, scientists say more research is needed before giving firm advice.